Understanding Dental Cavities: What Are They?
A dental cavity, also known as tooth decay or caries, is a permanent damage on your tooth’s surface caused by bacteria that produce acid. This acid gradually breaks down the enamel — the hard, protective outer layer of your teeth — leading to tiny holes or cavities.
Early detection is key. Knowing what a cavity looks like can help you get timely treatment and avoid pain or further complications.
What Does a Dental Cavity Look Like?
Cavities develop in stages, and their appearance changes as they worsen:
1. Early Stage: White Spots
The first sign is often white or chalky spots on your tooth’s surface. These spots indicate enamel demineralization — the earliest sign of decay.
2. Brown or Black Discoloration
As decay progresses, the affected area may turn brown or black, especially in grooves, cracks, or between teeth.
3. Visible Pits or Holes
Advanced cavities cause actual holes or pits you can see or feel with your tongue.
4. Cavities Between Teeth
Sometimes cavities form between teeth, making them hard to spot without dental X-rays.
How to Spot a Cavity: Symptoms to Watch For
Tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
Pain or toothache, especially when biting down
Visible discoloration or holes
Bad breath or bad taste in your mouth
Remember, early cavities may not cause pain, so regular dental visits are important.
What Does a Cavity Look Like on an X-Ray?
Dentists use bitewing X-rays to detect cavities hidden between teeth or under fillings. On digital teeth x ray, cavities appear as darker areas indicating enamel loss.
How to Differentiate a Cavity from a Stain
| Feature | Cavity | Tooth Stain |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Brown/black, rough surface | Brown/black, smooth surface |
| Progression | Worsens over time | Usually stable |
| Sensitivity | Often causes pain/sensitivity | Usually no pain |
What Happens if You Don’t Treat a Cavity?
Ignoring a cavity can lead to:
Severe tooth pain
Infection or abscess formation
Tooth loss
Expensive treatments like root canals or extractions
Treatment Options for Cavities
Fluoride treatments can sometimes reverse early enamel damage.
Dental fillings repair holes and stop decay.
Crowns protect badly damaged teeth.
Root canals treat infection inside the tooth.
Extraction may be necessary if the tooth is beyond repair.
Preventing Cavities: Tips for a Healthy Smile
Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
Limit sugary and acidic foods
Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Can I see a cavity myself?
A: Early cavities are hard to spot, but advanced ones show visible holes or dark spots.
Q: Do cavities always hurt?
A: Not always. Early cavities may cause no pain.
Q: Can cavities heal naturally?
A: Early enamel damage might be reversed with fluoride, but holes require dental treatment.
Q: Are black spots always cavities?
A: No, they could be stains. Only a dentist can tell for sure.
When Should You See a Dentist?
If you notice any discoloration, sensitivity, pain, or holes in your teeth, don’t wait. Early treatment can save your tooth and prevent complications.